Fact sheets about specific American Indian tribes

Abenakis
     The Abenaki Indians have been native New Englanders for thousands of years,
     but are still looking for recognition from their neighbors.

Alabamas
     The Native Americans who gave their name to the state of Alabama, the Alabamas have merged
     politically with their allies the Coushattas.

Algonquins
     Often confused with other American Indian tribes known as "Algonquians," the Algonquins
     live in the modern Ontario/Quebec area of Canada.

Apaches
     Relatives of the Navajos, the Apache Indians are best-known for their fierce military resistance against
     the Mexicans and Americans, under the leadership of warriors like Geronimo and Cochise.

Apalachees
     Original people of northern Florida, the Apalachee Indians were driven west and
     their descendants live in Louisiana today.

Arapahos
     The Arapaho Indians were originally farming people, but once horses were introduced
     to the Americas, they began to follow the buffalo herds like the Cheyenne and Sioux.

Arikaras
     Devastated by epidemics, the Arikara tribe has merged with their neighbors the Mandans and Hidatsas.

Assiniboines
     Relatives of the Sioux tribes, the Assiniboines were known as big game hunters and expert traders.

Atakapas
     American Indians of the Gulf Coast, the Atakapas are known today for their contributions to zydeco music.

Atikameks
     The Atikamekw are a small, traditional Native American tribe that still speaks their native language
     and lives off the land.

Beothuks
     The Beothuks or "Red Indians" were the original inhabitants of Newfoundland, Canada.
     Tragically, they died out in the 1800's.

Blackfoot
     Four tribes make up this powerful Plains Indian nation: the Blackfoot (Blackfeet) in
     Montana and the Siksika, Piikani, and Kainai in Canada.

Caddos
     Native Americans of Texas and the Southern Plains, the Caddo Indians were
     farming people known for their pottery art.

Calusas
     Although the Calusa Indians of southern Florida were not agricultural people, they built
     technologically advanced cities with windbreaks, seawalls, piers, and canal systems.

Catawbas
     The Catawba were one of the few southeastern Indian tribes not deported to Oklahoma,
     and they have preserved their native pottery-making traditions among other customs.

Cayugas
     Members of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy, the Cayuga tribe are Native Americans
     of upstate New York.

Cherokees
     Original people of the American Southeast, most Cherokees were forcibly deported to
     Oklahoma along the infamous Trail of Tears.

Cheyennes
     Plains Indians who depended on the buffalo for survival, the Cheyennes have survived
     several American massacres.

Chickasaws
     The Chickasaws were one of several Southeast Indian tribes forced to move to Oklahoma
     along the Trail of Tears.

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Native American History - Early History
The History of Native Americans is both fascinating and in many ways, tragic. Estimates range from about 10 – 90 million Native Americans inhabited America at the time of the European arrivals. They had lived in the land many, many years before white man set foot on their soil. It is believed that during the ice age, they had traveled a land-bridge across the Bering Sound, from Siberia into what is now Alaska. They had gradually migrated across the land and southward into Mexico and beyond. The name “Indian” was given them by Christopher Columbus who mistakenly believed he had landed in the Indies.

They have been labeled Indians, American Indians, and the now preferred Native Americans. They migrated to all regions of the land and were formed into many different tribes or nations. These were a people who adapted well to their particular regions and made wise use of all natural resources available. They believed in respecting the land and the abundance of gifts it offered. They became proficient fishermen, hunters, farmed crops such as corn, and built homes with whatever available resources their territory provided. Some of these included animal skins, sun-dried brick for adobes, or lumber for long houses depending on the regions.

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